The Industrial Revolution   OBJECTIVES:   1. Be able to discuss the reasons why the Industrial Revolution originated in Britain. 2. Be able to discuss the inventions of the eighteenth century which created the "industrial" revolution. 3. Be able to explain the impact of these inventions on the creation of goods and products. 4. Be able to trace the impact of the steam engine on industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 5. Be able to discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the working classes and working conditions. 6. Be able to discuss the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the growth of cities in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 7. Be able to discuss various political, sociological, and philosophical responses to the social problems created by the industrialization of the Europe.   FOOD FOR THOUGHT:   The Industrial Revolution ushered the west into the age of technology. Western societies today are dominated by the machine, which was unknown before the eighteenth century. The first inventions of the Industrial Revolution came about out of necessity. England had experienced a wood shortage, and the search for alternate sources of power, in the form of coal, mandated the creation of a mechanism to more efficiently mine the coal. The Steam engine, the answer to this problem, revolutionized not only the mining of coal, but the transportation industry. Other inventions, such as the Spinning Jenny, brought production from the home into the factory, and revolutionized the economy of Britain as well as home and family life. The mechanization of Europe distanced humanity from nature and the land, creating a new role for the machine as mediator between humans and the world.     "Necessity is the mother of all invention." anonymous Latin "Genius is 99% hard work and 1% ability." Einstein     OUTLINE   I. Origins in Britain   A. natural resources B. Peace and geography C. The Role of the Glorious Revolution i. the Puritan landed gentry D. the enclosure movement   II. Inventions   A. Began in the area of textile manufacturing   i. 1733 -- John Kay's fly shuttle ii. 1760 -- Spinning Jenny -- James Heargreaves iii. 1769 -- Richard Arkwright -- (1732-1792) father of the industrial revolution first power driven spinning mill -- water frame originator of the factory system iv. 1793 -- Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin Cotton production increased in England by five fold after 1793 B. The Steam Engine --   i. the wood shortage in England in 1700s -- ii. Steam engine -- Thomas Newcomen in 1702 James Watt in 1763 iii. 1807 -- Robert Fulton's Steam boats iv. 1829 -- George Stephenson's The Rocket v. the impact on trade and communication a. the American West C. Agricultural devopments and the economic impact   III. The Impact of Industrialization   A. Urbanization i. Manchester, England ii. problems in cities no sanitation slums dumbell tenements   B. The Work Force: conditions in the factory   i. child labor ii. long hours iii. no rights for workers iv. Adam Smith and laissez faire v. Malthus and population growth vi. Marx and Engels