Dr. Vess's World Civilization Virtual Library

The Glorious Revolution

OBJECTIVES:

1.  Be able to discuss and explain the significance of the phrase

"Glorious Revolution."



2.  Be able to discuss the evolution of Parliament and thought

concerning its power from the Magna Carta, 1215.



3.  Be able to contrast the power of Parliament with the thought

of the Stuart monarchs, beginning with James I.



4.  Be able to discuss the events and/or actions on the part of

the monarch which started the Civil War.  



5.  Be able to discuss the most important Parliamentary

manifestos issued during the seventeenth century.



6.  Be able to describe Cromwell's commonwealth.



7.  Be able to explain why the English invited the Stuarts back

to the throne after Cromwell.



8.  Be able to explain the events which led to the decline of

Stuart power and the Glorious Revolution.



9.  Be able to discuss the main bills passed by Parliament

outlining the Glorious Revolution.





FOOD FOR THOUGHT:



     In England alone of all European nations, the attempt to

establish an absolute monarchy failed. The Magna Carta of 1215

and the Parliamentary tradition solidified during the Hundred

Years' War created conditions ripe for the development of

constitutionalism.  The ill-fated Stuarts never quite grasped the

English traditions.  Although James II did not suffer the fate of

his father, Charles I, he nevertheless lost the throne in favor

of his daughter.  When William and Mary assumed the throne, the

Parliament asserted the principle of democracatic rule and sealed

the Protestant Reformation in England.  The capitalistic economy

which grew in the wake of the Revolution created the conditions

which gave rise to the Industrial Revolution.  Finally, the

rights guaranteed by the Glorious Revolution were never

forgotten, especially by the British colonists in the Americas. 

In 17776, the American colonists fought for the same rights

asserted in 1689, setting up a wave of revolutionary reaction all

across Europe.







Famous Quotations:

     The state of monarchy is the supremest thing on earth; for

     kings are not only God's lieutenants on earth and sit upon

     Gods throne, but even by God himself they are called Gods.

          James I, The True Law of Free Monarchy



     A few honest men are better than numbers.

          Cromwell to Sir W.  Spring, 1643



     It is not fit that you sit here any longer . .  you shall

     now give place to better men.

          Cromwell to the Rump Parliament, 1654



     I would have been glad to have lived under my woodside and  

     to have kept a flock of sheep, rather than to have     

     undertaken this government.

          Cromwell to Parliament, 1658



     It is not my design to drink or to sleep, but to make what

     hast I can to be gone.

          Cromwell's dying words



     This is very true, for my words are my own, my actions are

     my ministers.

          Charles II to Lord rochester



     He had been, he said, an unconscionable time dying; he hoped

     they would excuse it.

          Macaulay, History of England, said of Charles II 



   



                             OUTLINE





I.  Why Is This Revolution Glorious?



II.  England's Parliamentary tradition



     i.  The Magna Carta -- 1215

     ii.  The Hundred Years' War



III.  The Stuart Monarchy -- a study in repression and

          inflexibility



     A.  James I 1603-1625 (James VI of Scotland)

          i.   True Law of Free Monarchy

          ii.  tunnage and poundage

          iii. need for taxation



IV.  Charles I -- 1625-1649



     A.  repression of Puritans and other non-Anglican

          Protestants

          i) Archbishop Laud

     B.  ship money

          i) standing navy

     C.  alliance with Catholics

          i)   his marriage

     D.  dissolution of Parliament in 1629

     E.  rebellion of Scots -- 1637



     F.  summoning of Parliament in 1640: Long Parliament

               1640-1660

     G.  some in Parliament Revolted

          i)   Charles sent troops into Parliament

          ii)  The militia ordinance



V.  Civil War 1642-1646 follow this link to the English Civil War       Society



          A.  Roundheads -- Puritans

          B.  Royalists -- Cavaliers

          C.  Cromwell -- New Model Army

               i) 1645 -- battle of Naseby

               ii) historiography and interpretatons

          D.  1648 -- Pride's Purge and the Rump Parliament

                    i.  abolished House of Lords

                    ii.  execution of Charles I

          E.  1649-1653 Puritan Commonwealth

               i.  Persecution of non-Puritans

               ii.  charges of Anglican "popery"

          F.  1653 -- dismissed Parliament

               i.  Cromwell as Lord Protector

               ii.  War with Spain and the Dutch

          G.  Protest -- Levelers

               i)    fifth monarchy

          H.  Cromwell dies in 1658



VI.  The Restoration



          A.  Revised view of Charles I

          B.  Charles II 1660-1685

               i.  secret Treaty of Dover -- 1670

               ii.  war against Protestants 

          ************ but England is Protestant !!!*********

               iii.  Declaration of Indulgence 1672

               iv.  conversion of James II -- 

                    The Titus Oates Plot



          C.  Cavalier Parliament

               i.  reaction to Cromwell

               ii.  support Church of England

               iii.  Whigs 

               iv.  Tories

               v.   several bills passed:

                    a)   Corporation Act

                    b)   Act of Uniformity

                    c)   Conventicle Act

                    d)   The Test Act

                    e)   The Exclusion Bill

          D.  James II 1685-1688

               i.   Bloody Assizes

               ii.  suspension of Test Act

               iii.  standing army





VII.  The Glorious Revolution 1688



          A.  James's daughter Mary married to William of

                    Orange -- leader of Protestantism on the

                         continent 

          B.  They are invited to assume the throne

          C.  Bill of Rights 1689

          D.  Act of Toleration

          E.  Act of Settlement

          F.  Act of Union

          G.  Ireland and the penal codes

          H.  John Locke's Second Treatise on Government    

          the right of rebellion and the American Revolution